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Dr. Wit

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Dr. Joop de Wit

Dr. Joop de Wit

States, Societies and World Development (SG2)

International Institute of Social Studies (ISS)

Erasmus University Rotterdam

 

Senior Lecturer Public Policy and Development Management

 

T: +31 70 4260466

E: dewit@remove-this.iss.nl

Room: 3.21

Personal website: http://www.iss.nl/cvdewit


 

Profile

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Professional experience

Present position
Senior Lecturer Public Policy and Development Management
University Erasmus University Rotterdam
School International Institute of Social Studies (ISS)
Department States, Societies and World Development (SG2)
City The Hague
Country The Netherlands
   
Urban Management Expert
To 2000-02-01
University Erasmus University Rotterdam
School Institute of Housing and Urban Development I.H.S.
   
Thematic Expert Institutional Development
To 1998-08-01
University Netherlands Ministry for Development Cooperation
School Department Social and Institutional Development
   
Team Leader Bangalore Urban Poverty Project
To 1996-09-01
University Netherlands Ministry for Development Cooperation
City Bangalore
Country India
   

Research

Dr. Joop de Wit is a social anthropologist specialized in Public Policy and Development Management, and more broadly (urban) poverty and governance issues, including decentralisation, participation and the (formal but also informal) interfaces between poor communities, local government, politicians and the state. He previously worked as Urban Management expert at the Institute for Housing and Urban Development in Rotterdam and as Thematic Expert Institutional Development at the Netherlands Ministry for Development Cooperation. He obtained his PhD (1993) on the study ,‘Poverty, Policy and Politics in Madras Slums’ at the Free University of Amsterdam, and subsequently managed the Bangalore Urban Poverty Program for the Netherlands Ministry of Development Cooperation for three years.

He teaches at ISS in the Major Program ‘Governance, Policy and Political Economy’, and teaches on the Politics of Development, on Local Governance and Public Sector Organisations and Management. He is a member of the Staff Group ‘States, Societies and World Development’, and the Research Program Governance, Globalisation and Social Justice’.

Most of his research focused on the linkages between poverty, politics and governance in the megacities of India, investigating both formal policy and their impacts and informal dynamics . Examples of the former include the co-edited volume with Isa Baud (2008) , .New Forms of Governance in Urban India: Shifts, Models, Networks and Contestations , New Delhi & London: Sage). A continuous line of inquiry entails the informal dynamics of patronage and corruption as part of urban governance (e.g. J. de Wit and E. Berner (2009) ‘Progressive patronage? Municipalities, NGOs, Community-Based Organizations, and the Limits to Slum Dwellers’ Empowerment’ . Development and Change, 40(5), 927-947).

Since 2004 he has worked frequently in Vietnam,leading a capacity development program with VASS to strengthen local governance (De Wit, J. (2007) Decentralisation, Local Governance and Community Participation in Vietnam ; as well as a project with the Hanoi Based Ho Chi Minh Academy of Politics and Public Administration. He studied decentralised policy implementation in Vietnam, by considering land Recovery and Resettlement in Ha Tinh Province, and carried out studies for UNDP into urban land dynamics and into farmer livelihoods of farmers following relocation. He presently works on a book on ‘Local Politics, Urban Governance and the Urban Poor in Indian Mega Cities' , forthcoming, 2013).

ISS: Individual Research SGII
Role Member
 

Publications

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Article (14)
  • Wit, J.W. de (2010). ‘Decentralized Management of Solid Waste in Mumbai Slums: Informal Privatization through Patronage’. International Journal of Public Administration, 33(12 & 13), 767-777.
  • Wit, J.W. de (2010). Changing Arenas for Defining Urban India : Middle-Class Associations, Municipal Councilors and the Urban Poor. TRIALOG, 102/103(3/4), 21-27.
  • Wit, J.W. de (2010). ‘Prospects for India’s Urban Poor: Livelihoods and Mobility in Conditions of Informality and Middle Class Competition’. The Urban World, 3(4), 1-7.
  • Wit, J.W. de (2009). Changing Arenas for Defining Urban India: Middle Class Associations, Municipal Councillors and the Urban Poor’. TRIALOG, 21-27.
  • Wit, J.W. de & Berner, G.E. (2009). Progressive Patronage? Municipalities, NGOs, CBOs and the Limits to Slum Dwellers’ Empowerment. Development and Change, 40(5), 927-947.
  • Wit, J.W. de (2007). Negotiating the Urban Jungle. Development ISSues, 9(2), 7-9.
  • Wit, J.W. de & Nandigama, S. (2006). India's Development: Even or Uneven? (Reporting on two Symposia in Hyderabad and The Hague to conclude the IDPAD Research Programme). IDPAD Newsletter, IV(1), 43-47.
  • Wit, J.W. de (2005). Panchayats and Wards Committees: Assessing India's Decentralised Institutions. Local Government Dynamics, 1(1), 7-17.
  • Wit, J.W. de (2002). Dynamics of Participation in Bangalore Slums. Development Outreach, 4(1), 33-35.
  • Wit, J.W. de (2002). Urban Poverty Alleviation in Bangalore; Institutional and Community-level Dilemmas. Economic and Political Weekly, 37(38), 3935-3942.
  • Wit, J.W. de (2001). The Bangalore Urban Poverty Alleviation Programme 1993-1999: Development, Impact and Lessons. Africanus (University of South Africa), 31(2), 17-41.
  • Wit, J.W. de, Peltenburg, M. & Davidson, F. (2000). Editorial to Capacity Building for Urban Management: Learning from Recent Experiences. Habitat International, 24(4), 363-375.
  • Wit, J.W. de (1999). 'Comments on "Cities for Twenty Century People" by Mary Racelis'. Regional Development Dialogue, 20(1).
  • Wit, J.W. de (1990). 'Community Participation in Low-Income Housing Policies: Potential or Paradox?'. Community Development Journal, 25(1), 40-55.
Book / Monograph / Book editorial (2)
  • Baud, I.S.A. & Wit, J.W. de (2008). New Forms of Urban Governance in India: Shifts, Models, Networks and Contestations. New Delhi: Sage Publications.
  • Wit, J.W. de (1996). Poverty, Policy and Politics in Madras Slums: Dynamics of Survival, Gender and Leadership. London: Sage.
Part of book - Chapter (12)
  • Wit, J.W. de, Nainan, N. & Palnitkar, S. (2008). 'Urban Decentralisation in Indian Cities: Assessing the Performance of Neighbourhood Level Wards Committees'. In J.W. de Wit & I.S.A. Baud (Eds.), New Forms of Urban Governance in India: Shifts, Models, Networks and Contestations (pp. 65-83). New Delhi: Sage Publications..
  • Baud, I.S.A. & Wit, J.W. de (2008). Shifts in Urban Governance: Raising the questions. In I.S.A. Baud & J.W. de Wit (Eds.), New Forms of Urban Governance in India: Shifts, Models, Networks and Contestations (pp. 1-36). New Delhi: Sage Publications.
  • Wit, J.W. de (2004). The Bangalore Urban Poverty Alleviation Programme. In A. Sabir & M.D. Asthana (Eds.), Urban Poverty in India, Issues and Policies (pp. 400-450). New Delhi: Uppal Publishing House.
  • Wit, J.W. de & Krishnamurthy, A.N. (2004). The Bangalore Urban Poverty Alleviation Programme. In (pp. 400-450) New Delhi: Uppal Publishing House.
  • Wit, J.W. de (2004). ‘Initial Assessment of Decentralisation in India: Administrative and Political Dimensions’. In D. Olowu & R. Mukwena (Eds.), Governance in Southern Africa and Beyond (pp. 265-281). Windhoek, Gramberg: McMillan.
  • Wit, J.W. de (2003). A Realistic Alternative Vision for Mumbai. In R.N. Sharma, R.B. Bhagat & A. Rath (Eds.), The Vision Mumbai: A Concept Plan for Mumbai City (pp. 49-52). Mumbai: Tatia Institute of Social Sciences.
  • Wit, J.W. de (2002). Cooperation between Governmental, Non-Governmental and Community-based Organisations: The Bangalore Urban Poverty Alleviation Programme. In (pp. 129-153) London: ITDG Publishing.
  • Wit, J.W. de (2002). The Rise and Decline of an Urban Poverty Unit in the Dutch Ministry of Development Cooperation. In I. Baud & J. Post (Eds.), Re-aligning Actors in an Urbanizing World, Governance and Institutions from a Development Perspective (pp. 403-423). Ashgate: Aldershot.
  • Wit, J.W. de (2002). Institutionalised Co-operation between Governmental, Non-Governmental and Community Based Organisations: the Bangalore Urban Poverty Alleviation Programme. In E. Wegelin, M.P. van Dijk & M. Noordhoek (Eds.), New Institutional Forms for Urban Management: Their Application in Developing and Transitional Countries (pp. 129-153). London: ITDG Publishing.
  • Wit, J.W. de (2001). Institutionalised Co-operation between Governmental, Non-Governmental and Community Based Organisations: the Bangalore Urban Poverty Alleviation Programme. In (pp. 161-190) Rotterdam: IHS.
  • Wit, J.W. de (2001). The Rise and Fall of an Urban Poverty Unit in the Dutch Ministry of Development Cooperation. In (pp. 443-467) Amsterdam: AGIDS, University of Amsterdam.
  • Wit, J.W. de (1995). Participatory Approach to Urban Poverty Alleviation in Bangalore', in: Singh, K. and Steinberg, F. (eds): Urban India in Crisis. In New Age Publishers/HSMI.
Report (25)
  • Wit, J.W. de (2012). Assessing Decentralised Policy Implementation in Vietnam; The case of land recovery and resettlement in the Vung Ang Economic Zone. (ISS Working Papers546 ). The Hague, The Netherlands: International Institute of Social Studies.
  • Wit, J.W. de, Luong, V.S., Le, V. C., Luong, T.H., Ha, V.H., Dang, T.A.T., Dao, N.B., Quang, H. & Mai, T.T.T. (2012). Assessing decentralised policy implementation in Vietnam. The case of land recovery and resettlement in the Vung Ang Economic Zone. (ISS working papers. General series546 ). The Hague: International Institute of Social Studies.
  • Wit, J.W. de (2011). Tracing and Understanding the Welfare, Well-being and Livelihood Choices of Farmers displaced by Land Recovery. Hanoi: Institute of Policy and Strategy for Agriculture and Rural Development (IPSARD).
  • Wit, J.W. de (2011). Evaluating the Efficient Use of Suburban Land and Proposing a Model for Urban Agriculture. Hanoi: Institute of Policy and Strategy for Agriculture and Rural Development (IPSARD).
  • Wit, J.W. de (2008). Capacity Development for Integrated and Evidence-Based Policy Research (Cooperation Proposal between the Vietnamese Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics and Public Administration and the Institute of Social Studies. Consultancy Report with project proposal for a project between the Hanoi based Political Academy and ISS). The Hague: ISS.
  • Wit, J.W. de & Akinyoade, A. (2008). Accountability in Formal and Informal Institutions: A Cross Country Analysis. (ISS Working Papers, General Series464 ). The Hague: ISS.
  • Wit, J.W. de (2007). Mission Report on an Appraisal Mission to explore the Scope and Modalities for a Second Phase of the Project Upgrading the Capacity of Local Authorities in Planning and Managing Social - Economic Development in Rural Vietnam (Research Reports of the VASS/ISS Capacity Building Project). The Hague: ISS.
  • Wit, J.W. de (2007). Decentralisation, Local Governance and Community Participation in Vietnam (Research Report on missions in provinces of Vietnam as part of the VASS-ISS project Upgrading the Capacity of Local Authorities in Planning and Managing Social - Economic Development in Rural Vietnam (Research Reports of the VASS/ISS Capacity Building Project). The Hague: ISS.
  • Wit, J.W. de (2006). Report on a Training Program With the Vietnam Women Union (VWU) on 'Writing Effective Policy Proposals'. The Hague: ISS.
  • Wit, J.W. de (2004). Urban Poverty Reduction: the Contribution of Research and Knowledge (Consultancy report entailing the re-working, editing and adding to a policy advise document drafted initially by two other authors, Institute of Social Studies for RAWOO [the Netherlands Development Assistance Research Council, based in The Hague]). The Hague: Institute of Social Studies / RAWOO [the Netherlands Development Assistance Research Council.
  • Hordijk, M.L. & Wit, J.W. de (2003). Urban Poverty Reduction: the Contribution of Research and Knowledge (Consultancy report entailing the re-working, editing and adding to a policy advise document drafted initially by two other authors, Institute of Social Studies for RAWOO [the Netherlands Development Assistance Research Council, based in The Hague]). The Hague: RAWOO.
  • Holzner, B.M. & Wit, J.W. de (2003). Supporting Decentralised Urban Governance: Training Women Municipal Councillors in Mumbai, India. (ISS Working Papers, General Series386 ). The Hague: ISS.
  • Holzner, B.M. & Wit, J.W. de (2003). Report on a Training and Research Mission as a follow up to the Tailor Made Training Course for Women Municipal Councillors in India, 18 November - 11 December 2002 (Submitted to NUFFIC in February 2003). The Hague: NUFFIC.
  • Hordijk, M.L. & Wit, J.W. de (2003). Urban Poverty Reduction: the Contribution of Research and Knowledge (Advisory Report for RAWOO to be submitted to the Netherlands Minister for Development Cooperation, The Hague). : .
  • Wit, J.W. de & Hasan, A. (2002). Report on a Participatory Evaluation of the Asian Coalition of Housing Rights (Project Evaluation Report done on contract for CORDAID). The Hague: ISS.
  • Wit, J.W. de (2001). Partnerships, Participation and Patronage Realities of Urban Poverty Alleviation in Bangalore Slums. (ISS Working Papers, General Series350 ). The Hague: ISS.
  • Wit, J.W. de & Krishnamurthy, A.N. (2000). Learning Lessons from the Bangalore Urban Poverty Alleviation Programme: Participatory Approaches to Urban Development. (SINPA Research Report Series). Rotterdam: IHS.
  • Wit, J.W. de (2000). Towards Good Governance at the Local Level: the Role of Grassroots Institutions. (ISS Working Papers, General Series325 ). The Hague: ISS.
  • Wit, J.W. de & P.De, Haan (1998). Beleidsnotitie Institutionele Ontwikkeling: (White Paper Institutional Development including Instruments) (with Peter de Haan). The Hague: Ministry of Foreign Affairs. : .
  • Wit, J.W. de (1997). Decentralization, Empowerment and Poverty Alleviation in Urban India. Roles and Responses of Government, NGOs and Slum Communities. (ISS Working Papers, General Series.267 ). The Hague: ISS.
  • Wit, J.W. de (1997). Decentralisation, Empowerment and Poverty Alleviation in Urban India: Roles and Responses of Government, NGOs and Slum Communities. The Hague: ISS.
  • Wit, J.W. de (1996). Report on a Short Mission to India in Relation to the Bangalore Poverty Programme (BUPP). The Hague: ISSAS.
  • Wit, J.W. de (1996). Urban Management and Urban Poverty Alleviation: Towards Realistic Approaches. The Hague: ISS.
  • Wit, J.W. de (1996). Exploring Urban Poverty Alleviation Approaches in Indian Cities. The Hague: ISSAS.
  • Wit, J.W. de (1992). The Socio-Political Impact of Slum Upgrading in Madras, the Case of Anna Nagar 1982-1990. Urban Research Working Papers nr. 29. Amsterdam: Free University Press.
Doctoral thesis (1)
  • Wit, J.W. de. Poverty, Policy and Politics in Madras Slums, Dynamics of Survival, Gender and Leadership. Amsterdam (Amsterdam: Free University Press). Prom./coprom.: .
Other output (43)
  • Wit, J.W. de (2012). Livelihoods of farming households losing land after land recovery or relocation in Vietnam. Southeast Asia Update Conference: Nijmegen, The Netherlands (2012, juni 22 - 2012, juni 22).
  • Wit, J.W. de (2012). Urban Governance, Local Politics and Development in Mumbai. IASIA 2012 Conference on Local Governance: Bangkok, Thailand (2012, juli 16 - 2012, juli 21).
  • Wit, J.W. de (2012). Municipal Councillors, Elections and the Urban Poor: Decentralised Urban Governance and Local Politics in Mumbai. India-Erasmus University Working Conference with JNU and TISS: Rotterdam, The Netherlands (2012, september 26 - 2012, september 28).
  • Dijk, T. van & Wit, J.W. de (2011). Political Entrepreneurs and the Urban Poor: the Role of Municipal Councillors in Mumbai’s Decentralised Wards Committees. paper Presented at the CERES Summer School on 24 June: The Hague.
  • Dijk, T. van & Wit, J.W. de (2011). Political Entrepreneurs and the Urban Poor: the Role of Municipal Councillors in Mumbai’s Decentralised Wards Committees. paper Presented at the CERES Summer School on 24 June: The Hague.
  • Wit, J.W. de (2010). Dynamics of Local Governance: a Review of Contemporary Issues. Paper presented at the Conference ‘Local Governance in Mozambique: the Past and the Future': Mozambique, Maputo.
  • Wit, J.W. de (2010). Governance dimensions of inclusion and exclusion of the urban poor. Paper presented at the Metropolis International Conference, October 4-7: The Hague.
  • Wit, J.W. de (2009). Municipal Councillors in New Delhi: Agents of Integration or Exclusion? Paper presented to a N-AERUS conference: Rotterdam (2009, oktober 01 - 2009, oktober 03).
  • Wit, J.W. de (2009). Decentralised Urban Governance and Changing Roles of Municipal Councillors in Chennai, India; Continuities of Administration and Political Representation following the 1992 74th Constitutional Amendment Act. Paper Presented at the IDPR Anniversary Symposium: Liverpool (2009, april 06 - 2009, april 07).
  • Wit, J.W. de (2009). Going Local: key issues relating to local governance. Seminar at Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2 June.: The Hague.
  • Wit, J.W. de (2008). Involving Civil Society in Solid Waste Management in Mumbai Slums: Partnerships or Informal Privatisation? Paper presented during the Farewell Seminar Prof. Jim Bjorkman organised by Dr. Des Gasper and Dr. Joop de Wit held on 28 November 2008: The Hague.
  • Wit, J.W. de (2008). Exploring Informal Governancein. Poverty and Accountability Workshop 23 April: Antwerp.
  • Wit, J.W. de (2008). Evidence Based Policy Research and Formulation in the Vietnamese context. Seminar on 'The Relevance of Evidence Based Policy Making for Vietnam': Hanoi (2008, september 09).
  • Wit, J.W. de (2007). Urbanisation: A Review of Issues and Implications (Powerpoint Presentation for Haagse Kunst Academie, The Hague, The Netherlands, 26 January 2007).
  • Wit, J.W. de (2007). Overzicht van Land, Mensen & Ontwikkeling plus (Power Point Presentation tailor made for primary school children in an Amsterdam primary school which had a Thematic Workshop week on India). General lecture on India's socio-economic development: Amsterdam (2007, maart 06).
  • Wit, J.W. de (2007). Managing Indian Metropolises: Changing Governance at Ward Level in Mumbai and Delhi. Conference on 'New Forms of Urban Governance: Cases and Perspectives from India': Amsterdam (2007, januari 09).
  • Wit, J.W. de & Sridharan, N. (2007). Judicially-induced Governance: the Case of Delhi. Conference on New Forms of Urban Governance: Cases and Perspectives from India: Amsterdam (2007, januari 09).
  • Wit, J.W. de & Berner, G.E. (2007). Progressive Patronage? NGOs, CBOs and the Limits to Slum Dwellers Empowerment. Conference on 'Cities of Extremes': The Hague (2007, oktober 15).
  • Wit, J.W. de (2007). Overzicht van land, Mensen en Ontwikkeling (Power Point Presentation presented to FNV Pension Organisation CORDARES, Wassenaar - Duin en Kruitberg on 16 February 2007).
  • Wit, J.W. de & Berner, G.E. (2007). Progressive patronage? NGOs, community-based organizations, and the limits to slum dwellers empowerment. 8th Conference Grassroots-led Urban Development: Achievements, Potentials, Limitations": London (2007, september 06 - 2007, september 08).
  • Wit, J.W. de (2006). Service Delivery, Accountability and Informal Governance (Discussion Report for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as part of the ISS-Ministry Research Cooperation, The Hague ISS ).
  • Wit, J.W. de, Akinyoade, A. & Blankenberg, F. (2006). Accountability in Formal and Indigenous Institutions. What works? GARNET conference on 'Governance and the Politics of Development': The Hague (2006, november 16 - 2006, november 17).
  • Wit, J.W. de (2006). Decentralisation in Indian Mega-cities: Assessing the Performance of Neighbourhood Level Wards Committees in Mumbai, Delhi and Chennai. Conference on 'New Forms of Urban Governance in Indian Mega-cities': New Delhi (2006, juni 20 - 2006, juni 21).
  • Wit, J.W. de (2006). Dynamics and Realities of Local Governance in Developing Countries: The Importance of Informal Relations and Institutions. GARNET Conference on ' Governance and the Politics of Development': The Hague (2005, april 02).
  • Wit, J.W. de (2006). Public Address at the occasion of the conclusion of the IDPAD Research Programme. Seminar on 'India's Development, Even or Uneven': The Hague (2006, november 24).
  • Wit, J.W. de (2006). Gender Issues in Local Governance: Women Councillors in Mumbai. Asian Mayor's Conference on 'Changing Concept in Urban Management': Mumbai, India.
  • Wit, J.W. de (2006). Managing the Indian Metropolis: Governance trends in Mumbai and Delhi (Power Point Presentation; posted and downloadable at: www.clubofamsterdam.com). Seminar on 'The Future of Governance': Amsterdam (2006, maart 29).
  • Wit, J.W. de (2006). Managing the Indian Mega-city: Initial Observations on Changing Governance at the Wards Level in Mumbai (Power Point Presentation). 19th European Conference on South Asian Studies (ECMSAS): Leiden (2006, juni 27).
  • Wit, J.W. de (2006). Conditions and Problems for Financing Habitat Projects (Power Point Presentation and discussion report published in a publication 'Hoe Rijk is je Stad', The Hague, The Netherlands). World Habitat Day 2006: The Hague (2006, oktober 02).
  • Wit, J.W. de (2005). Public Address at the Design Academy in Eindhoven, The Netherlands (draft publication: see: http: // www.ambafrance.nl/article.php?id_article=5952). Conference & Exposition: Made in Africa: Eindhoven (2005, mei 25).
  • Wit, J.W. de (2005). Prospects and Problems of Community Empowerment. Presentation see: www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/ifhv/speech/english2005): The Hague (2005, mei 21).
  • Wit, J.W. de (2005). Urbanisation and Sustainable Development- Towards an Analytical and Operational Framework with Reference to China (Key Note address held in 2004 but paper was only published in 2005 on the web-site). Workshop on Urbanisation in China: Shanghai (2004, september 23 - 2004, september 25).
  • Wit, J.W. de (2005). Gender Issues in Local Governance: Women Councillors in Mumbai. All India Institute of Local Self-Government Conference: Mumbai, India (2005, april 02).
  • Wit, J.W. de (2004). Problems to Realise Participatory Local Governance: the Case of Elected Women Councillors in Mumbai, India. Conference: Hong Kong, China (2004, november 02).
  • Wit, J.W. de (2003). Problematising Participation. Symposium on 'Value Based Participatory Planning': Washington (2003, april 07 - 2003, april 08).
  • Wit, J.W. de (2003). Assessing Decentralisation in Indian Mega-Cities: Administrative and Political Dimensions. Position Paper for an IDPAD Research Inception Workshop: unpublished paper): Mumbai.
  • Wit, J.W. de (2003). Decentralised Urban Governance: Women Municipal Councillors in Mumbai, India. Faces of Poverty: Capabilities, Mobilization and Institutional Transformation. Proceedings of the International Summer CERES Summer School 2003, pp. 262-278.: The Hague.
  • Wit, J.W. de (2003). ’Aid Modalities for Poverty Reduction. Position paper presented at a Symposium on Dutch Aid ‘’From Practice to Policy’”, held on December 15.: The Hague.
  • Wit, J.W. de (2002). Arm Zijn Kost Handenvol Geld (Being poor is expensive) (Interview on Urban Poverty for Dutch magazine, February 2002).
  • Wit, J.W. de (2001). Manifest voor een Effectief Stedelijk Armoedebeleid (Paper for CORDAID meant for lobbying with parliamentarians and as a position paper for workshops on urban poverty in developing countries, CORDAID, The Hague).
  • Wit, J.W. de (1998). Institutional Development and Good Governance in Netherlands Development Assistance, Paper presented at an ISS seminar on State-Society Relations, October 27.
  • Wit, J.W. de (1997). Strengths and Weaknesses of the Bangalore Urban Poverty Alleviation Programme. Position Paper for a DGIS workshop on 29 April. The Hague: Institute of Social Studies Advisory Service.
  • Wit, J.W. de (1996). Urban Management and Urban Poverty Alleviation: Towards Realistic Approaches. Paper presented at an ISS seminar, December 3.